[A. armata R. Br.]

[A. anserinifolia auct. non (J.R. Forst. & G. Forst.) Druce pro parte]

[A. anserinifolia auct. non (J.R. Forst. & G. Forst.) Druce pro parte; A. nova-zelandiae Kirk var. pallida Kirk; A. pallida (Kirk) Allan, nomen invalid (later homonym)]

[Stipa brachychaeta Godr.; A. clandestinum auct. non (Hack.) Barkworth]

[Centaurea repens L.]

[A. geniculata Roth which = A. ovata Nevski non L. nec Roth in Usteri; A. neglecta Req. ex Bertol.; Calif. plants referable to A. geniculata Roth sensu stricto]

[Alhagi pseudalhagi (M. Bieb.) Desv. nomen nudum; A. camelorum Fisch. ex DC. nomen nudum.]

[California plants referable to ssp. paniculatum sensu W.T. Stearn in Flora Europaea V. 5, pp. 60-61. Rating would also apply to sspp. fuscum (Waldst. & Kit.) Arcangeli; euboicum (Rech.f.) Stearn, and villosulum (Halacsy) Stearn should referable plants be found in the State.]

[not A. vineale Sch.-Bip. ex Regel. California plants show variations referable to several intraspecific taxa sometimes recognized in the Old World. The following names, if applied to Allium vineale, are included in the rated taxon: var. compactum (Thuill.) Cosson & Germ.; var. capsuliferum Koch or ssp. capsuliferum (Koch) Ceschm.; var. purpureum H.P.G. Koch., var. virens Boiss. the following taxonomic synonyms refer also to at least a portion of A. vineale sensu lato: A. affine, Boiss. & Heldr., non Ledeb.; A. assimile Halacsy; A. compactum Thuill., A. rilaense Panov.]

[Bucholzia philoxeroides Mart.; Telanthera p. (Mart.) Moq. in DC.; Mogiphanes p. (Mart.) Parodi]

[including material referable to A. t. var. aptera Ktze.; var. heterophylla Ktze; var. integrifolia(Muhl. ex Willd.) Torr. & A. Gray; forma integrifolia (Muhl. ex Willd.) Fern.; var. normalis Ktze; var. polyploidea Rousseau; var. texana Scheele]

[A. sericofera (orthographic variant, see Forster & Bruyns, 1992, Taxon 41:746-749); sometimes sold as Schubertia albens sensu auct. (nomen nudum)]

[Arctotis calendula L.; Cryptostemma calendulaceum (L.) R.Br.]

[Lepidium chalepense L. non Fisch ex DC. nec Ledeb.;]

[Lepidium draba L.; Cochlearia d. (L.) L.; Nasturtium d. (L.) Crantz; Jundzillia d. (L.) Andrz.]

[Hymenophysa pubescens C.A. Mey.; Cardaria p. (C.A. Mey.) Rollins, nomen invalid, later homonym; Cardaria p. var. elongata Rollins]

[non C. acanthoides Gren. & Godr.; non Hornem.; non Huds.; non Urv.; C. a. forma albiflora (L.) Gross; C.a. forma mulligamii B. Boivin; C. a. forma ochranthus Wallr.; C. fortior Klokov; C. camporum Boiss.; C. velebiticus Borbás; Carduus murfatlari Nyár. & Prodán; Carduus crispus auct. non L.]

[C. leiophyllus Petrovic; C. n. var. leiophyllus (Petrovic) auct. (a nomen nudum mistakenly attributed to Arenes); C. n. subsp. leiophyllus (Petrovic) Stoj. & Stef.; C. thoermeri Weinm.; C. n. var. vestitus (Hallier) Boivin; C. n. var. macrocephalus (Desf.) Boivin; C. n. ssp. macrocephalus (Desf.) Nyman; C. macrocephalus Desf.; C. n. ssp. macrolepis (Peterm.) Kazmi; C. macrolepis Peterm.; C. n. var. armenus Boiss.; C. n. var. songaricus Winkl. ex O. Fedtsch. & B. Fedtsch.; C. songaricus (Winkl. ex O. Fedtsch. & B. Fedtsch.) Tamamsch.]

[C. pycnocephalus subsp. albidus (Bieb.) Kazmi; C. albidus M.Bieb.; C. p. subsp. cinereus (Bieb.) P.H. Davis; C. cinereus sensu M.Bieb.]

[C. pycnocephalus L. var. tenuiflorus (Curtis) Fiori; C. malacitanus Boiss. & Reut.; C. sardous DC.]

[Carduus baeticus Boiss. & Reut.; Kentrophyllum baeticum (Boiss. & Reut) Boiss. & Reut.; Carthamus lanatus ssp. baeticus (Boiss. & Reuter) Nyman]

[C. lanatus ssp. creticus (L.) Holmboe; C. creticus L.]

[C. pauciflorus Benth.; C. spinifex auct. N. Am. non Cav., C. parviceps Shinn.]

[C. pauciflorus auct. non Benth.; Cenchrus echinatus L. forma longispinus Hackel]

[includes C. i. ssp. holzmanniana (Boiss.) Dostal]

[The proper scientific name for "spotted knapweed" in North America is apparently C. stoebe L. ssp. micranthos (Gugler) Hayek. See discussion on the introductory pages to this list. Until the 2001 list is developed, we will continue to use C. maculosa . An updated synonymy will be provided in 2001.]

[including individuals referable to C. s. ssp. schouwii (DC.) Dostal; C. s. ssp. erythracantha (Halacsy) Dostal.; C. s. ssp. solstitialis sensu Vol. V, Flora Europaea, Heywood et al. eds. 1976; C. s. ssp. adamii (Willd.) Nyman (this variant possibly not in California). All but the latter variant appear randomly throughout the State.]

[C. virgata Lam. var. squarrosa (Willd.) Boiss., non C. squarrosa Roth (Catalecta fasc. ii., p.118. 1800) (= C. virgata Lam.); C. triumfettii auct. N.Am. non All.]

[C. sicula sensu auct. Ca., non L.]

[Raphanus tenellus Pall.]

[Serratula arvensis L.; Breea arvensis (L.) Less.; Carduus arvensis (L.) Robson; Cephalonoplos arvensis (L.) Fourr.; Cnicus arvensis (L.) Hoffm.; Cirsium arvense var. setosum Ledeb., and all other proposed infraspecific taxa not listed here.; Cephalonoplos setosus (Ledeb.) Kitamura; Cirsium ochrolepideum Juz.; Cephalonoplos ochrolepideum (Juz.) Juz.]

[Cnicus japonicus (DC.) Maxim.; Cnicus j. var. intermedius Maxim; Cirsium lacinulatum Nakai; Cirsium senile Nakai; Cirsium maackii var. kiusianum Nakai; rating includes the following intraspecific taxa: Cirsium japonicum var. horridum Nakai; C. j. var. ussuriense (Regel) Kitam.; C. j. var. ibukiense Nakai; C. j. var. vestitum Kitam.; C. j. var. diabolicum (Kitam.) Kitam.]

[Cnicus ochrocentrus (A. Gray) A. Gray]

[Carduus undulatus Nutt.; includes C. undulatum var. albescens D.C. Eat.; C. u. var. ciliolatum Hend.; C. u. var. megacephalum (A. Gray) Fern.; C. u. var. tracyi (Rydb.) Welsh]

[Lepidium squamatum Forskall; Coronopus procumbens Gilib.; Cochlearia coronopus L.; Senebiera coronopus (L.) Poir. Carara coronopus (L.) Medic.; Myagrum coronopus (L.) Crantz; Coronopus coronopus (L.) Karst., nomen invalid (tautonym); Coronopus coronopus (L.) Britt., nomen invalid (tautonym, later homonym)]

[Cucumis dudaim L.]

[Although there are only 14 native and one (1) introduced Cuscuta taxa in California, of which only C. approximata Bab. (introduced), C. indecora Choisy and C. pentagona Engelm. (both native) consistently parasitize cultivated material, this rating applies to any Cuscuta material except C. reflexa above.]

[C. horrida Ait.]

[Although only C. dactylon (L.) Pers., C. plectostachyus (Schumann) Engelm. and C. transvaalensis Burtt Davy are currently found in California, this rating applies to all Cynodon spp.]

[Pycreus esculentus (L.) Hayek; Cyperus melanorhizus Delile, Cyperus aureus Ten., non Georgi; includes C. esculentus var. sativus Boeckeler - cultivated form with larger, more elongate tubers; C. e. var. heermannii (Buckl.) Britt.; var. leptostachyus Boeckeler; var. macrostachyus Boecheler]

[Pycreus rotundus (L.) Hayek]

[Spartium scoparium L.; Genista scoparia (L) Lam., non Vill. sensu lato; Genista scoparia Vill. (invalid); Sarothamnus scoparius (L.) Wimmer & Koch; C. scoparius ssp. cantabricus (Willk.) M. Lainz ex Rivas -Martinez, Izco & M. Coste; Sorothamnus cantabricus Willk.; C. scoparius ssp. reverchonii (Degen & Hervier) Rivas Goday & Rivas-Martinez; Sorothamnus riverchonii Degen & Hervier; C. scoparius var. andreanus (Puiss.) Dippel, and ssp. maritimus (Rouy) Heywood, Genista scoparia (L.) Lam. var. maritima Rouy]

[Agropyron repens (L.) P. Beauv.; Elymus repens (L.) Gould; Triticum repens L.]

[E. e. var. orientalis Boiss.; var. uralensis (Fisch. ex Link) Dorn]

[E. platyphylla sensu auct. Ca., non L.]

[(G. odorata Sesse ex Lag.); native to California; may invade rangelands]

[G. odorata auct. non Sesse ex Lag.]

[Cytisus monspessulanus L.]

Gypsophila paniculata L. sensu lato

[includes G. p. var. hungarica Borbás]

[including H. halodendron var. albiflorum (Kar. & Kir.) Prjech.; Robinia halodendrum Pall.; H. halodendron Druce (nomen invalid); Caragana argenteum Lam. H. argenteum (Lam.) DC., including H. argenteum var. albiflorum Kar. & Kir.; H. triflorum Willd. ex Link; H. subvirescens G. Don; H. cuspidatum Jaub. et Spach; H. marginatum Jaub. et Spach]

[Anabasis glomerata M. Bieb.; Salsola glomerata (M. Bieb.) Steph. ex Ldb.]

[Andropogon contortus L.; Holcus contortus (L.) Kuntze ex Stuck.; Sorghum contortum (L.) Kuntze; Heteropogon hirtus Pers. (nomen illeg.); H. glaber Pers. (nomen illeg.); Andropogon c. var. glaber Hack.; Heteropogon contortus var. glaber Hack.]

[Serpicula verticillata L.f.]

[includes I. a. var. robustior Hook.; I. a. subsp. robustior (Hook.) Bassett]

[numerous infraspecific taxa described in the Old World, including L. l. var. velutinum Hayek ex Thell. of which to date only the typical has been found in California]

[often sold as Hydrocharis morsus-ranae L. (auct. non),; L. spongia subsp. laevigatum (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Lowden; Hydromystria laevigata (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Hunz.]

[Hottonia indica L.; Ambulia indica (L.) W.F. Wight; Terebinthina indica (L.) Kuntze; L. gratioloides R. Br.; Ambulia gratioloides (R. Br.) Baill.; also including L. I ludoviciana Thieret (= L. indica I L. sessiliflora Blume)]

[Antirrhinum dalmaticum L.; Linaria dalmatica (L.) Mill. sensu lato]

[Malva leprosa Orteg.; Sida leprosa (Orteg) K. Schum.; Sida leprosa var. hederacea (Dougl. ex Hook.) K. Schum.]

[Allium inodorum Ait.; Allium neapolitanum Cirillo pro parte]

[O. salzmanniana Boiss. & Reut. non sensu Ivimey-Cook in Flora Europaea V. 2, 1968]

[including the numerous infraspecific taxa recognized in the Old World, of which to date only the typical has been found in N. America]

[Aphyllon cooperi A. Gray; Myzorrhiza cooperi (A. Gray) Rydb.; O. ludoviciana Nutt. var. cooperi (A. Gray) Beck; O. ludoviciana var. latiloba Munz] [native to California; may parasitize agricultural crops]

[provisionally non Oryza sativa L. forma spontanea Roshev 1931, non Backer, 1928. Roshev’s type not seen by Duistermaat (Blumea 32: 157-193, 1987)]

[including P.h. var. stenophyllum Boiss. and P.h. var. multisecta Maxim. described from the Old World, but not (yet) recorded for North America]

[Physalis virginiana Mill. var. sonorae (Torr.) Waterf.; P. pumila Nutt. var. sonorae Torr.; P. rigida Pollard & Ball]

[P. coccineum Muhl. ex Willd.]

[Mimosa strombulifera Lam.]

[Nasturtium austriacum Crantz]

[Sisymbrium sylvestre L.]

[California material may be the segregate species S. damascena Botsch sensu stricto cf. Mosyakin, S.L., Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 83: 387-395. 1996. Synonymy for S. damascena follows Mosyakin op. cit.: = S. rigida Pall. var. tenuifolia Boiss. pro parte; S. rigida Pall. subsp. tenuifolia (Boiss.) Botsch. pro parte auct. non Delile pro parte, S. vermiculata L. subsp. villosa auct. non (Delile) Eig pro parte].

[S. pellucida D.I. Litvinov]

[S. australis R. Br.; S. iberica (Sennen & Pau) Botsch.; S. kali auct. non L.; S. ruthenica Iljin in B. Keller et al. as used in numerous references; S. pestifer A. Nelson; all cf. Mosyakin, S.L., op. cit.]

[S. pratensis L. pro parte; some specimens appear referable to Salvia I superba Stapf non Hort. ex Vilm., a hybrid between S. nemorosa L. and S. pratensis L. s.s., our material fide Ian Hedge, RBG Edinburgh as S. virgata Jacq.]

[includes S. auriculata Aubl. s.s.; S. biloba Raddi; S. herzogii de la Sota; and S. molesta D.S. Mitch.]

Senecio jacobaea L.

[S. j. var. flosculosum DC.; S. j. var. grandiflorus Korsh, non Turz. ex DC.; S. j. var. g. Turz ex DC. non Korsh.; S. jacobaeoides Willk.; S. foliosus Salzm. ex DC. non Colm.; S. foliosus Colm., non Salzm. ex DC.]

[S. laciniatus S.F. Gray; S. nebrodensis auct. non L.]

[S. macrocarpa Luchnik]

[may = S. boldoense Dunal]

[including S. c. var. floridanum (Shuttlw. ex Dunal) Chapman; S. c. var. hirsutum (Nutt.) A. Gray]

[S. dealbatum Lindl.; S. obtusifolium Dunal; S. elaeagnifolium var. obtusifolium (Dunal) Dunal; S. flavidum Torr.; S. saponaceum Dunal; S. texense Engelm. & A. Gray; S. elaeagnifolium forma benkei Standl.; S. e. var. angustifolium Kuntze; S. e. var. argyrocroton Griseb.; S. e. var. grandiflorum Griseb.; S. e. var. ovalifolium Kuntze; S. leprosum Ortega; S. elaeagnifolium var. leprosum (Ortega) Dunal]

[S. densiflorum M. Martens & Galeottii; S. floccosum M. Martens & Galeottii; S. hartwegii Benth.; S. mexicanum Dunal; S. schiedeanum Schltdl]

[Hieracium arvense (L.) Scop.; including S. brachyotus DC; S. arvensis forma brachyotus (DC.) Kirp.; S. a. ssp. brachyotus (DC.) Kitam.; S. uliginosus M. Bieb.; S. arvensis ssp. uliginosus (M. Bieb.) H. Neumayer; S. a. var. uliginosus (M. Bieb.) Trautv.; S. a. var. glabrescens Gunth., Grab. & Wimm.; S. a. forma glabrascens (Gunth., Grab. & Wimm.) Kirp.; S. a. var. laevipes Boiss., non Koch, 1837; S. a. var. laevipes Koch, non Boiss. 1875; S. a. var. maritimus Wahlenb. S. a. var. shumovichii B. Boivin.]

[Holcus halepensis L.; applies also to other perennial Sorghum spp. including but not limited to Sorghum almum Parodi]

[Phaca salsula Pall.; Swainsona salsula (Pall.) Taubert in Engl. & Prantl]

[Buchnera asiatica L.; S. lutea Lour.]

[S. armeniacum Bucknall]

[Elymus caput-medusae L.; Hordeum caput-medusae (L.) Crosson & Durand; Cuviera caput-medusae (L.) Simk. Taeniatherum asperum (Simk.) Nevski; T. caput-medusae subsp. asperum (Simk.) Melderis; Taeniatherum crinitum (Schreb.) Nevski var. caput-medusae (L.) Wipff]

[T. bonariensis Pers.; T. glandulifera Schrank; T. glandulosa Link; T. porophyllum Vell.]

[U. e. ssp. borealis Rothm.; U. e. ssp. latebracteatus (Mariz.) Rothm.]

[including V. abietis (Wiesb.) Fritsch.; V. austriacum Wiesb.; V. austriacum var. abietis Wiesb.; V. album ssp. abietis (Wiesb.) Abrom.; V. a. ssp. meridianum (Danser) Long; V. a. var. meridianum Danser; V. a. var. coloratum (Kom.) Ohwi]

[Z. f. var. brachycarpum auct. non Boiss.]