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Encycloweedia: Data Sheets

Weeds Sorted by Pest Rating

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RATING SCIENTIFIC NAME COMMON NAME
A Acaena novae-zelandiae Kirk                                                                          
[A. anserinifolia auct. non (J.R. Forst. & G. Forst.) Druce pro parte;
Acaena sanguisorbae s.s. auct. non V ahl.; A. s. var. novae-zelandiae (Kirk) Bitter]
biddy-biddy
A Acaena pallida (Kirk) J.W. Dawson                                                               
[A. anserinifolia auct. non (J.R. Forst. & G. Forst.) Druce pro parte; A. nova-zelandiae Kirk
var. pallida Kirk; A. pallida (Kirk) Allan, nomen invalid (later homonym)]
pale biddy-biddy
A Achnatherum brachychaetum (Godr.) Barkworth
[Stipa brachychaeta Godr.; A. clandestinum auct. non (Hack.) Barkworth]
punagrass
A Aeschynomene rudis Benth. rough jointvetch
A Alhagi maurorum Medik. sensu lato                                                              
[A. pseudalhagi (M. Bieb.) Desv. nomen nudum; A. graecorum Boiss.; A. kirghisorum Schrenk;
A. turcorum Boiss.; A. camelorum Fisch. ex DC. nomen nudum.]
camelthorn
A Alternanthera philoxeroides (Mart.) Griseb.                                                
[Bucholzia philoxeroides Mart.; Telanthera p. (Mart.) Moq. in DC.; Mogiphanes p. (Mart.) Parodi]
alligatorweed
A Arctotheca calendula (L.) Levyns  [as seed or fertile plants]                         
[Arctotis calendula L.; Cryptostemma calendulaceum (L.) R.Br.]
capeweed
A Brachypodium sylvaticum (Huds.) Beauv.                                                    
[Brevipodium silvaticum (Huds.) Á. & D.Löve; Festuca silvatica Hudson (non Villars); Triticum silvaticum Moench (non Salisbury); Bromus silvaticus Pollich]
slender false- brome
A Carduus acanthoides L. sensu lato                                                                
[non C. acanthoides Gren. & Godr.; non Hornem. nec Huds. nec Urv.; C. a. forma albiflora (L.) Gross;
C.a. forma mulligamii B. Boivin; C. a. forma ochranthus Wallr.; C. fortior Klokov; C. camporum Boiss.;
C. velebiticus Borbás; Carduus murfatlari Nyár. & Prodán; Carduus crispus auct. non L.]
plumeless thistle
A Carduus nutans L. sensu lato                                                                          
[C. leiophyllus Petrovic; C. n. var. leiophyllus (Petrovic) auct. (a nomen nudum
mistakenly attributed to Arenes); C. n. subsp. leiophyllus (Petrovic) Stoj. & Stef.;
C. thoermeri Weinm.; C. n. var. vestitus (Hallier) Boivin; C. n. var. macrocephalus (Desf.) Boivin;
C. n. ssp. macrocephalus (Desf.) Nyman; C. macrocephalus Desf.; C. n. ssp. macrolepis (Peterm.) Kazmi;
C. macrolepis Peterm.; C. n. var. armenus Boiss.; C. n. var. songaricus Winkl. ex O. Fedtsch. & B. Fedtsch.;
C. songaricus (Winkl. ex O. Fedtsch. & B. Fedtsch.) Tamamsch.]
musk thistle
A Carthamus leucocaulos Sibth. & Sm. whitestem distaff thistle
A Centaurea diffusa Lam. diffuse knapweed
A Centaurea iberica Trev. ex Spreng. sensu lato                                             
[includes C. i. ssp. holzmanniana (Boiss.) Dostal]
Iberian starthistle
A Centaurea maculosa auct. nonLam.                                                              
[The proper scientific name for the form of  “spotted knapweed” in North America is apparently
C. stoebe L. ssp. micranthos (Gugler) Hayek.]
spotted knapweed
A Centaurea X monktonii Britt.                                                                          
[C. pratensis Thuill. Non Salisb. nec Hornem.; C. debeauxii Godr. & Gren. var. thuilleri (Dostál) P.D. Sell]
meadow knapweed
A Centaurea squarrosa Willd. non Roth                                                           
[C. virgata Lam. var. squarrosa (Willd.) Boiss.,
non C. squarrosa Roth (Catalecta fasc. ii., p.118. 1800) (= C. virgata Lam.);
C. triumfettii auct. N.Am. non All.]
squarrose knapweed
A Chondrilla juncea L.                                                                                         
[C. intybacea Friv.; C. laciniata Stev.; C. latifolia M. Bieb.; C. lutea Dulac; C. rigens Rchb.;
C. viminea Bubani; C. virgata J.&C. Presl.; C. viscosa Gilib.]
skeletonweed
A Cirsium ochrocentrum A. Gray                                                                        
[Cnicus ochrocentrus (A. Gray) A. Gray]
yellowspine thistle
A Cirsium undulatum (Nutt.) Spreng.                                                                 
[Carduus undulatus Nutt.; includes C. undulatum var. albescens D.C. Eat.; C. u. var. ciliolatum Hend.;
C. u. var. megacephalum (A. Gray) Fern.; C. u. var. tracyi (Rydb.) Welsh]
wavyleaf thistle
A Crupina vulgaris Pers. ex Cass.                                                                                       
[C. alpestris Arvet.; C. brachypappa Jord. & Fourr.; C. crupina karst.; C. pauciflora Kar & Kir.;
Centaurea crupina L.]
bearded creeper
A Cucumis melo L. var. dudaim (L.) Naudin                                                      
[Cucumis dudaim L.]
dudaim melon
A Cuscuta spp. [non-native]                                                                                 
[There currently are 2 introduced Cuscuta spp. in California, C. approximata Bab. and C. japonica Choisy (giant dodder).
This rating applies to any non-native species.]
giant dodder
A Euphorbia esula L.                                                                                            
[E. e. var. orientalis Boiss.; var. uralensis (Fisch. ex Link) Dorn]
leafy spurge
A Euphorbia serrata L. serrate spurge
A Halimodendron halodendron (Pall.) Voss                                                     
[including H. halodendron var. albiflorum (Kar. & Kir.) Prjech.;
Robinia halodendrum Pall.; H. halodendron Druce (nomen invalid); Caragana argenteum Lam.
H. argenteum (Lam.) DC., including H. argenteum var. albiflorum Kar. & Kir.;
H. triflorum Willd. ex Link; H. subvirescens G. Don;
H. cuspidatum Jaub. et Spach; H. marginatum Jaub. et Spach]
Russian salt tree
A Halogeton glomeratus (M. Bieb.) C.A. Mey.                                                
[Anabasis glomerata M. Bieb.; Salsola glomerata (M. Bieb.) Steph. ex Ldb.]
halogeton
A Helianthus ciliaris DC. blueweed
A Hydrilla verticillata (L.f.) Royle                                                                      
[Serpicula verticillata L.f.]
hydrilla
A Hydrocharis morsus-ranae L.                                                                          
[H. asarifolia Gray; H. asiatica Miq.; H. batrachyodegma St.-Lag.; H. cellulosa Buch.-Ham.;
H. cordifolia St.-Lag.; H. rotundifolia Gilib.]
frogbit
A Limnobium laevigatum (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Heine                                             
 [Hydromystria laevigata (Humb. & Bonpl. Ex Willd.) Lowden;,
Limnobium spongia(Bosc) Steud. subsp. laevigatum (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd.) Heine]
South American spongeplant
A Linaria genistifolia (L.) Mill.
subsp. dalmatica (L.) Maire & Petitm.                                            
[Antirrhinum dalmaticum L.; Linaria dalmatica (L.) Mill.  sensu lato]
Dalmatian toadflax
A Onopordum acanthium L. sensu lato                                                             
[including the numerous infraspecific taxa recognized in the Old World, of which to date
only the typical has been found in N. America]
Scotch thistle
A Onopordum illyricum L. Illyrian thistle
A Onopordum tauricum Willd. Taurian thistle
A Orobanche cooperi (A. Gray) A. Heller                                                          
[Aphyllon cooperi A. Gray; Myzorrhiza cooperi (A. Gray) Rydb.;
O. ludoviciana Nutt. var. cooperi (A. Gray) Beck; O. ludoviciana var. latiloba Munz]
[native to California; may parasitize agricultural crops]
Cooper's broomrape
A Orobanche ramosa L. branched broomrape
A Peganum harmala L.                                                                         
[including P.h. var. stenophyllum Boiss. and P.h. var. multisecta Maxim. described from the Old World,
but not (yet) recorded for North America]
harmel
A Physalis longifolia Nutt.                                                                               
[Physalis virginiana Mill. var. sonorae (Torr.) Waterf.; P. pumila Nutt. var. sonorae Torr.;
P. rigida Pollard & Ball]
long-leaf groundcherry
A Prosopis strombulifera (Lam.) Benth.                                                             
[Mimosa strombulifera Lam.]
creeping mesquite
A Salsola vermiculata L.                                                                                      
[California material may be the segregate species S. damascenaBotsch sensu stricto
cf. Mosyakin, S.L., Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 83: 387-395. 1996. Synonymy for
S. damascena follows Mosyakin 1996: = S. rigida Pall. var. tenuifolia Boiss. pro parte;
S. rigida Pall. subsp. tenuifolia (Boiss.) Botsch. pro parte auct. non Delile pro parte,
S. vermiculata L.  subsp. villosa auct. non  (Delile) Eig pro parte].
wormleaf saltwort
A Salvia virgata Jacq.                                                                                           
[S. pratensis L. pro parte; some specimens appear referable to Salvia I superba Stapf non Hort. ex Vilm.,
a hybrid between S. nemorosa L. and S. pratensis L. s.s., our material fide Ian Hedge, RBG Edinburgh
as S. virgata Jacq.]
southern meadow sage
A Salvinia auriculata Aubl. sensu lato                                                             
[includes S. auriculata Aubl. s.s.; S. biloba Raddi; S. herzogii de la Sota;
and S. molesta D.S. Mitch.]
giant salvinia
A Scolymus hispanicus L.      golden thistle
A Solanum cardiophyllum Lindl.                                                                        
[may = S. boldoense Dunal]
heartleaf nightshade
A Solanum dimidiatum Raf. Torrey's nightshade
A Sonchus arvensis L.                                                                                           
[Hieracium arvense (L.) Scop.; including S. brachyotus DC; S. arvensis forma
brachyotus (DC.) Kirp.; S. a. ssp. brachyotus (DC.) Kitam.; S. uliginosus M. Bieb.;
S. arvensis ssp. uliginosus (M. Bieb.) H. Neumayer; S. a. var. uliginosus (M. Bieb.) Trautv.;
S. a. var. glabrescens Gunth., Grab. & Wimm.; S. a. var. laevipes Boiss., non Koch, 1837;  S. a. var. maritimus Wahlenb.]
perennial sowthistle
A Sphaerophysa salsula (Pall.) DC.                                                                    
[Phaca salsula Pall.; Swainsona salsula (Pall.) Taubert in Engl. & Prantl]
Austrian peaweed
A Striga asiatica (L.) Kuntze                                                                                               
[Buchnera asiatica L.; S. lutea Lour.]
witchweed
A Tagetes minuta L.                                                                                               
[T. bonariensis Pers.; T. glandulifera Schrank; T. glandulosa Link; T. porophyllum Vell.]
wild marigold
A Zygophyllum fabago L.                                                                                     
[Z. f. var. brachycarpum auct. non Boiss.]
Syrian beancaper
B Acacia paradoxa DC.
[A. armata R. Br.]
kangaroothorn
B Acaena magellanica Vahl bidi-bidi
B Acroptilon repens (L.) DC.
[Centaurea repens L.]
Russian knapweed
B Aegilops cylindrica Host                                                                                  
[ A. tauschii auct. Non Coss.; Cylindropyrum cylingricum (Host A. Löve); Triticum cylindricum (Host)
Ces.; Triticum caudatum (L.) Godr. & Gren.; Aegilops caudata ssp. cylindrica L. (Host) Hegi; Aegilops
caudata var. cyclindrica L. (Host) Fiori]
jointed goatgrass
B Aegilops ovata L.                                                                                                               
[A. geniculata Roth which = A. ovata Nevski non L. nec Roth in Usteri; A. neglecta Req. ex Bertol.;
Calif. plants referable to A. geniculata Roth sensu stricto]
ovate goatgrass
B Aegilops triuncialis L. barb goatgrass
B Allium paniculatum L.sensu lato                                                                   
[California plants referable to ssp. paniculatum sensu W.T. Stearn in Flora Europaea V. 5, pp. 60-61.
Rating would also apply to sspp. fuscum (Waldst. & Kit.) Arcangeli; euboicum (Rech.f.) Stearn,
and villosulum (Halacsy) Stearn should referable plants be found in the State.]
panicled onion
B Allium vineale L. non Sch.-Bip. ex Regel sensu lato                                    
[non A. vineale Sch.-Bip. ex Regel. California plants show variations referable to several intraspecific taxa sometimes recognized in the Old World.  The following names, if applied to Allium vineale, are included in the rated taxon: 
var. compactum (Thuill.) Cosson & Germ.;
var. capsuliferum Koch or subsp. capsuliferum (Koch) Ceschm.;
var. purpureum H.P.G. Koch., var. virens Boiss.  the following taxonomic synonyms refer also
to at least a portion of A. vineale sensu lato: A. affine, Boiss. & Heldr., non Ledeb.;  A. assimile Halacsy;
A. compactum Thuill., A. rilaense Panov.]
wild garlic
B Ambrosia trifida L. sensu lato                                                                          
[including material referable to A. t. var. aptera Ktze.; var. heterophylla Ktze; var. integrifolia
(Muhl. ex Willd.) Torr. & A. Gray; forma integrifolia (Muhl. ex Willd.) Fern.;
var. normalis Ktze; var. polyploidea Rousseau; var. texana Scheele]
giant ragweed
B Araujia sericifera Brot.                                                                                      
[A. sericofera (orthographic variant, see Forster & Bruyns, 1992,
Taxon 41:746-749); sometimes sold as Schubertia albens sensu auct. (nomen nudum)]
bladderflower
B Arundo donax L.                                                                                                 
[A. aegyptia Delile; A. bambusifolia Hook. f.; A. bifaria Retz.:
giant reed
B Cabomba caroliniana A. Gray Carolina fanwort
B Cardaria chalepensis (L.) Hand.-Mazz.                                                         
[Lepidium chalepense L. non Fisch ex DC. nec Ledeb.;
lens-podded hoarycress
B Cardaria draba (L.) Desv.                                                                                
[Lepidium draba L.; Cochlearia d. (L.) L.; Nasturtium d. (L.) Crantz; Jundzillia d. (L.) Andrz.]
heart-podded hoarycress
B Cardaria pubescens (C.A. Mey.) Jarmol.                                                       
[Hymenophysa pubescens C.A. Mey.; Cardaria p. (C.A. Mey.) Rollins, nomen invalid, later homonym;
Cardaria p. var. elongata Rollins]
globe-podded hoarycress
B Carthamus baeticus (Boiss. & Reut.) Nyman                                
[Carduus baeticus Boiss. & Reut.; Kentrophyllum baeticum (Boiss. & Reut) Boiss. & Reut.;
Carthamus lanatus ssp. baeticus (Boiss. & Reuter) Nyman]
smooth distaff thistle
B Carthamus lanatus L.                                                                                        
[C. lanatus ssp. creticus (L.) Holmboe; C. creticus L.]
woolly distaff thistle
B Centaurea calcitrapa L. purple starthistle
B Centaurea sulphurea Willd.                                                                             
[C. sicula sensu auct. Ca., non L.]
Sicilian starthistle
B Chorispora tenella (Pall.) DC.                                                                          
[Raphanus tenellus Pall.]
purple mustard
B Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.                                                                
[Serratula arvensis L.; Breea arvensis (L.) Less.; Carduus arvensis (L.) Robson;
Cephalonoplos arvensis (L.) Fourr.; Cnicus arvensis (L.) Hoffm.; Cirsium arvense var. setosum
Ledeb., and all other proposed infraspecific taxa not listed here.;
Cephalonoplos setosus (Ledeb.) Kitamura; Cirsium ochrolepideum Juz.;
Cephalonoplos ochrolepideum (Juz.) Juz.]
Canada thistle
B Coronopus squamatus (Forskall) Asch.                                                         
[Lepidium squamatum Forskall; Coronopus procumbens Gilib.; Cochlearia coronopus L.;
Senebiera coronopus (L.) Poir. Carara coronopus (L.) Medic.; Myagrum coronopus (L.) Crantz;
Coronopus coronopus (L.) Karst., nomen invalid (tautonym); Coronopus coronopus (L.) Britt., nomen invalid (tautonym, later homonym)]
swinecress
B Cortaderia jubata (Lemoine ex Carrière) Stapf                                              
[Gynerium jubatum Lemoine ex Carrière]
pampas grass
B Cucumis myriocarpus Naudin paddy melon
B Cynara cardunculus L.                                                                                     
[C. horrida Ait.]
artichoke thistle
B Cyperus esculentus L.                                                                                        
[Pycreus esculentus (L.) Hayek; Cyperus melanorhizus Delile, Cyperus aureus Ten., non Georgi;
includes C. esculentus var. sativus Boeckeler - cultivated form with larger, more elongate tubers;
C. e. var. heermannii (Buckl.) Britt.; var. leptostachyus Boeckeler; var. macrostachyus Boecheler]
yellow nutsedge
B Cyperus rotundus L.                                                                                          
[Pycreus rotundus (L.) Hayek]
purple nutsedge
B Elytrigia repens (L.) Desv.                                                                               
[Agropyron repens (L.) P. Beauv.; Elymus repens (L.) Gould; Triticum repens L.]
quackgrass
B Euphorbia oblongata Griseb.                                                                          
[E. platyphylla sensu auct. Ca., non L.]
oblong spurge
B Gaura coccinea Pursh                                                                                       
[(G. odorata Sesse ex Lag.); native to California; may invade rangelands]
scarlet gaura
B Gaura drummondii (Spach) Torr. & A. Gray                                                 
[G. odorata auct. non Sesse ex Lag.]
Drummond's gaura
B Gaura sinuata Ser. wavy-leaved gaura
B Gypsophila paniculata L. sensu lato                                                             
[includes G. p. var. hungarica Borbás]
baby's breath
B Isatis tinctoria L. dyer's woad
B Lepidium latifolium L.                                                                                       
[numerous infraspecific taxa described in the Old World, including L. l. var. velutinum Hayek ex Thell.,
of which to date only the typical variety has been found in California]
perennial peppercress
B Lythrum salicaria L. purple loosestrife
B Muhlenbergia schreberi J.F. Gmelin nimblewill
B Nothoscordum gracile (Ait.) Stearn sensu lato                                            
[includes N. borbonicum Kunth (false-garlic); Allium gracile Ait.;Nothoscordum
gracile (Ait.) Stearn; N. fragrans (Vent.) Kunth; Allium fragrans Vent. Nothoscordum inodorum auct. non (Ait.)
Nicholson (misapplied, = Allium neapolitanum)] 
fragrant false garlic
B Nymphaea mexicana Zucc. banana waterlily
B Oryza rufipogon Griff.
[provisionally non Oryza sativa L. forma spontanea Roshev 1931, non Backer, 1928.
Roshev’s type not seen by Duistermaat (Blumea 32: 157-193, 1987)]
perennial wild red rice
B Panicum antidotale Retz.  blue panicgrass
B Physalis viscosa L. grape groundcherry
B Pistia stratiotes L.                                                                                              
[Apiospermum ocidentalis Blume, Limonesis commutata Klotzsch, L. friedrichsthaliana Klotzsch, Pistia aethiopica
Fenzl ex Klotzsch, P. africana C. Presl., P. commutata Schleid., P. crispata Blume., P.  occidentalis Blume]
water lettuce
B Polygonum cuspidatum Siebold & Zucc. Japanese knotweed
B Polygonum polystachyum C.F.W. Meissn. Himalayan knotweed
B Polygonum sachalinense Maxim. giant knotweed
B Rorippa austriaca (Crantz) Besser                                                                  
[Nasturtium austriacum Crantz]
Austrian field cress
B Salvia aethiopis L. Mediterranean sage
B Senecio jacobaea L.                                                                                           
[S. j. var. flosculosum DC.; S. j. var. grandiflorus Korsh, non Turz. ex DC.;
S. j. var. g. Turz ex DC. non Korsh.; S. jacobaeoides Willk.;
S. foliosus Salzm. ex DC. non Colm.;  S. foliosus Colm., non Salzm. ex DC.]
tansy ragwort
B Senecio squalidus L.                                                                                          
[S. laciniatus S.F. Gray; S. nebrodensis auct. non L.]
Oxford ragwort
B Sesbania punicea (Cav.) Benth.                                                                      
[Piscidia punicea Cav. ; Emerus puniceus (Cav.) Kuntze;
Daubentonia punicea (Cav.) DC.; Sesbania tripetii Hort. ex F. T. Hubbard]
scarlet wisteria
B Setaria faberi R. Herrm.                                                                                     
[S. macrocarpa Luchnik]
giant foxtail
B Solanum carolinense L.                                                                                    
[including S. c. var. floridanum (Shuttlw. ex Dunal) Chapman; S. c. var. hirsutum (Nutt.) A. Gray]
Carolina horsenettle
B Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav.                                                                          
[S. dealbatum Lindl.; S. obtusifolium Dunal; S. elaeagnifolium var. obtusifolium (Dunal) Dunal;
S. flavidum Torr.; S. saponaceum Dunal; S. texense Engelm. & A. Gray;
S. elaeagnifolium forma benkei Standl.; S. e. var. angustifolium Kuntze; S. leprosum Ortega
S. e. var. argyrocroton Griseb.; S. e. var. grandiflorum Griseb.; S. e. var. ovalifolium Kuntze]
white horsenettle
B Solanum lanceolatum Cav., non Ruiz & Pavon, 1799                                  
[S. densiflorum M. Martens & Galeottii; S. floccosum M. Martens & Galeottii; S. hartwegii Benth.]
lanceleaf nightshade
B Solanum marginatum L.f. white-margined nightshade
B Symphytum asperum Lepechin                                                                         
[S. armeniacum Bucknall]
rough comfrey
B Tamarix  chinensis Lour.                                                                                   
[T. caspica Hort. Gall. Ex Dippel;T. gallica Thunb.; T. japonica Hort. Ex Dippel]
Chinese tamarisk
B Tamarix  gallica L.
[T. canariensis Willd.; T. ehrenbergii Presl ex Bunge; T. elegans Spach; T. epacroides Sm.; T. evermanni Presl. Ex Ledeb.; T. indica Willd.; T. lessingii presl. Ex Bunge; T. libanotica Hort. Ex K.Koch; T. mannifera Kotschy ex Bunge; T. narbonensis Garsault; T nilotica (Ehrenb.) Bunge; T. palaestina Bertol.; T. pallasii Desv.; T paniculata Stev. Ex DC.; T. pentandra Pall.; T. senegalensis DC.;  T. tetrandra Guebh. Ex Bunge]
 
B Tamarix  parviflora DC.
[T. cretica Bunge; T. gallica Sieber ex Nyman; T. pentandra Hampe. Ex Bunge; T. petteri Presl ex Bunge;
 
B Tamarix  ramosissima Ledeb.
[sometimes included in T. gallica s.l.]
 
B Ulex europaeus L., non Brotero (1804), nec Savi                                          
[U. e. ssp. borealis Rothm.; U. e. ssp. latebracteatus (Mariz.) Rothm.]
gorse
B Viscum album L.                                                                                                 
[including V. abietis (Wiesb.) Fritsch.; V. austriacum Wiesb.; V. austriacum var. abietis Wiesb.;
V. album ssp. abietis (Wiesb.) Abrom.; V. a. ssp. meridianum (Danser) Long]
European mistletoe
C Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
[Ailanthus glandulosa Desf.; Toxicodendron altissimum Miller]
tree-of-heaven
C Bacopa monnieri (L.) Pennell                                                                           
[Bramia monnieri (L.) Drake; Lysimachia monnieri L.]
water-hyssop
C Carduus pycnocephalus L.                                                                                               
[C. pycnocephalus subsp. albidus (Bieb.) Kazmi; C. albidus M.Bieb.;
C. p. subsp. cinereus (Bieb.) P.H. Davis; C. cinereus sensu M.Bieb.]
Italian thistle
C Carduus tenuiflorus Curtis                                                                                               
[C. pycnocephalus L. var. tenuiflorus (Curtis) Fiori; C. malacitanus Boiss. & Reut.;
C. sardous DC.]
slenderflowered thistle
C Cenchrus echinatus L. southern sandbur
C Cenchrus incertus M.A. Curtis                                                                        
[C. pauciflorus Benth.; C. spinifex auct. N. Am. non Cav., C. parviceps Shinn.]
coast sandbur
C Cenchrus longispinus (Hackel) Fernald                                                         
[C. pauciflorus auct. nonBenth.; Cenchrus echinatus L. forma longispinus Hackel]
mat sandbur
C Centaurea melitensis L. tocalote
C Centaurea solstitialis L. sensu lato                                                                
[including individuals referable to C. s. ssp. schouwii (DC.) Dostal;
C. s. ssp. erythracantha (Halacsy) Dostal.; C. s. ssp. solstitialis sensu Vol. V, Flora Europaea,
Heywood et al. eds. 1976; C. s. ssp. adamii (Willd.) Nyman (this variant possibly not in California).
All but the latter variant appear randomly throughout the State.
yellow starthistle
C Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten.                                                                             
[Carduus lanceolatus L., Cirsium lanceolatum (L.) Scop. non Hill, Cnicus lanceolatus Willd.]
bull thistle
C Convolvulus arvensis L. field bindweed
C Cotula mexicana (DC.) Cabrera                                                                        
[Soliva mexicana DC.; Cotula pygmaea (Kunth) Benth. & Hook.f. ex Hemsl.; Soliva pygmaea Kunth;
Cotula minuta (L. f.) Schinz; Hippia minuta L. f.; Gymnostyles minuta (L. f.) Spreng.;
Lancisia minuta (L. f.) Rydb.; Soliva minuta (L. f.) Sweet]
pygmy brass buttons
C Cuscuta spp. [native]                                                                                         
[There are 14 native Cuscuta spp. in California, of which only C. indecora Choisy
and C. pentagona Engelm. consistently parasitize cultivated material.
dodder
C Cynodon spp. & hybrids                                                                                   
 [Although only C. dactylon (L.) Pers., C. plectostachyus (Schumann) Engelm.
and C. transvaalensis Burtt Davy are currently found in California, this rating applies to
all Cynodon spp.]
bermudagrasses
C Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link                                                                               
[Spartium scoparium L.; Genista scoparia (L) Lam., non Vill. sensu lato; Genista scoparia Vill. (invalid);
Sarothamnus scoparius (L.) Wimmer & Koch; C. scoparius ssp. cantabricus (Willk.) M. Lainz ex Rivas -Martinez, Izco & M. Coste; Sorothamnus cantabricus Willk.; C. scoparius ssp. reverchonii (Degen & Hervier) Rivas Goday & Rivas-Martinez; Sorothamnus riverchonii Degen & Hervier; C. scoparius var. andreanus (Puiss.) Dippel, and  ssp. maritimus (Rouy) Heywood, Genista scoparia (L.) Lam. var. maritima Rouy]
Scotch broom
C Egeria densa Planch.                                                                                                                         
[Anacharis densa (Planch.) Victorin; Elodea densa (Planch.) Caspary;
Philotria densa (Planch.) Small & St. John]          
Brazilian waterweed
C Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms                                                                
[Pontederia crassipes Mart.; P. crassipes R. & S.; Piaropus crassipes (Mart.) Raf.;
Piaropus crassipes Britt.]
water hyacinth
C Genista monspessulana (L.) L.A.S. Johnson                                                 
[Cytisus monspessulanus L.]
French broom
C Hyoscyamus niger L. black henbane
C Hypericum perforatum L.   Klamathweed
C Iva axillaris Pursh sensu lato                                                                          
[includes I. a. var. robustior Hook.; I. a. subsp. robustior (Hook.) Bassett]
povertyweed
C Malvella leprosa (Ortega) Krapov.                                                                 
[Malva leprosa Orteg.; Sida leprosa (Orteg) K. Schum.;
Sida leprosa var. hederacea (Dougl. ex Hook.) K. Schum.]
alkali mallow
C Myriophyllum spicatum L. non Gmel.                                                             
[not M. spicatum Gmel.]
Eurasian watermilfoil
C Nassella tenuissima (Trinius)M.E.Barkworth                                                
[Stipa tenuissima Trin.; Stipa cirrosa E.Fourn. ex Hemsl.; Stipa geniculata Phil.;
Stipa mendocina Phil.; Stipa oreophila Speg.; Stipa subulata E.Fourn. ex Hemsl.;
Stipa tenuissima var. oreophila (Speg.) Speg. ]
 
C Nymphaea odorata Aiton                                                                                 
[Castalia odorata (Aiton) Wood]
fragrant waterlily
C Pennisetum clandestinum Chiov. Kikuyugrass
C Polygonum amphibium L. var. emersum Michx.                                           
[P. coccineum Muhl. ex Willd.]
kelp
C Rotala rotundifolia (Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb.) Koehne                                     
(Ammannia rotundifolia Buch.-Ham. ex Roxb.)
roundleaf rotala
C Salsola paulsenii L.                                                                                           
[S. pellucida D.I. Litvinov]
barbwire Russianthistle
C Salsola tragus L.                                                                                                     
[S. australis auct non R. Br.; S. iberica (Sennen & Pau) Botsch.; S. kali auct. non L.;
S. ruthenica Iljin in B. Keller et al. as used in numerous references; S. pestifer A. Nelson;
all cf. Mosyakin, S.L., 1996, Hrusa, G.F. & J.F. Gaskin, 2008]
common Russianthistle
C Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers.                                                                           
[Holcus halepensis L.; applies also to other perennial Sorghum spp. including but not
limited to Sorghum almum Parodi]
Johnsongrass
C Spartium junceum L. Spanish broom
C Taeniatherum caput-medusae (L.) Nevski                                                     
[Elymus caput-medusae L.; Hordeum caput-medusae (L.) Crosson & Durand;
Cuviera caput-medusae (L.) Simk.Taeniatherum asperum (Simk.) Nevski; T. caput-medusae subsp.
asperum (Simk.) Melderis; Taeniatherum crinitum (Schreb.) Nevski var. caput-medusae (L.) Wipff]
medusahead
C Tribulus terrestris L. puncturevine
Q Acaena aserinifolia bidi-bidi
Q Alternanthera sessilis (L.) R. Br. ex DC. non Lem. (1865)
[Achyranthes sessilis (L.)Desf. exstend., Alternanthera achyranthoides Forsk., Alternanthera glabra Moq.,
Alternanthera repens Gmel.;.Gomphrena sessilis L.;  Illicebrum sessile L.; Alternanthera ficoidea (L.) P.
Beauv. Not A. sessilis Lem. (1865).]
 
Q Asphodelus fistulosus L.                                                                                    
[A. tenuifolius Cav.]
onionweed
Q Atriplex amnicola                                                                                                              
[A. cephalantha Aellen]
river saltbush
Q Berteroa incana (L.) DC                                                                                    
[Alyssum incanum L.]
hoary alyssum
Q Carduus crispus L. welted thistle
Q Ceratopteris thalictroides (L.) Brogn. Watersprite.
[Ceratopteris deltoidea Benedict; Ceratopteris siliquosa (L.) Copeland]
 
Q Cirsium japonicum DC.                                                                                     
[Cnicus japonicus (DC.) Maxim.; Cnicus j. var. intermedius Maxim; Cirsium lacinulatum Nakai;
Cirsium senile Nakai; Cirsium maackii var. kiusianum Nakai; rating includes the following intraspecific
taxa: Cirsium japonicum var. horridum Nakai; C. j. var. ussuriense (Regel) Kitam.;
C. j. var. ibukiense Nakai; C. j. var. vestitum Kitam.; C. j. var. diabolicum (Kitam.) Kitam.
Japanese thistle
Q Diodia virginiana L.                                                                                          
[Diodia hirsuta Pursh, Diodia tetragona Walt.]
buttonweed
Q Drymaria cordata  (L.) Willd. ex Schult                                                
[Holosteum cordata L.]
whitesnow
Q Egeria najas Planch. Narrow-leaf elodea
Q Euphorbia graminea Jacq.                                                                                               
[Agaloma graminea (Jacq.) D. B. Ward]
grassleaf spurge
Q Euphorbia terracina L. Geraldton carnation spurge
Q Fatoua villosa (Thunberg) Nakai hairy crabwees
Q Hygrophila polysperma (Roxb.) T. Anders.                                                  
[Justicia polysperma Roxb., Fl. Ind. 1:120. 1820;
Hemidelphis polysperma (Roxb.) Nees in Wall., Pl. Asiat. Rar. 3:30. 1832]
swampweed
Q Hypericum canariense L. Canary Island St. Johnswort
Q Iris pseudacorus L. yellow flag
Q Lagarosiphon major (Ridl.) Moss                                                                   
[“Elodea crispa” Hort.]
curly water-weed
Q Limnobium spongia (Bosc) Steud.sensu stricto                                         
[often sold as Hydrocharis morsus-ranae L; L. spongia subsp.spongia.; Limnobium bosci Rich.]
spongeplant
Q Limnophila indica (L.) Druce                                                                           
[Hottonia indica L.; Ambulia indica (L.) W.F. Wight; Terebinthina indica (L.) Kuntze;
L. gratioloides R. Br.; Ambulia gratioloides (R. Br.) Baill.; 
also including L. ludoviciana Thieret (= L. indica X L. sessiliflora Blume)]
ambulia
Q Limnophila sessiliflora (Vahl) Blume dwarf ambulia
Q Ludwigia peruviana  (L.) H.Hara                                                                     
[Jussiaea grandiflora L.; Jussiaea peruviana L.]
water primrose
Q Myosoton aquaticum Moench                                                                         
[Stellaria aquatica auct.]
giant chickweed
Q Ononis alopecuroides L.                                                                                   
[O. salzmanniana Boiss. & Reut. non sensu Ivimey-Cook in Flora Europaea V. 2, 1968]
foxtail restharrow
Q Pontederia cordata L. pickerelweed
Q Potentilla recta L. sulfur cinquefoil
Q Retama monosperma (L.) Boiss.       Bridal broom
Q Rorippa sylvestris (L.) Besser                                                                          
[Sisymbrium sylvestre L.]
creeping yellow field cress
Q Salsola collina Benth. spineless Russianthistle
Q Senecio linearifolius A. Rich. Narrowleaf ragwort
Q Senna obtusifolia sicklepod
Q Vallisneria spp. eelgrass
Q Zostera japonica  Ascher & Graebner Japanese eelgrass

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